Proses Manufaktur Logam

Date	Tags
Wednesday, 02 October 2024	#Semester-5/Prosmanlog

Dapat dibagi berdasarkan input dan output:

Substractive Output (Product and Waste) > Input (Machining)
Conservative Output (1 out) = Input (1 in)
Additive Output (2 out) < Input (1 in)

Metal Forming Conservative

tidak ada perubahan massa atau volume yang signifikan
menghasilkan barang kompleks dengan mengaplikasikan gaya mekanik dan panas
- Form shape + size + accuracy + dimensional tolerance
- Properties bulk (instrinsic) dan surface
- Form + Properties fungsi tertentu nilai guna

Bulk Metal Forming

Rolling
This is a compressive deformation process in which the thickness of a slab or plate is reduced by two opposing cylindrical tools called rolls. The rolls rotate so as to draw the work into the gap between them and squeeze it.
Forging
In forging, a workpiece is compressed between two opposing dies, so that the die shapes are imparted to the work. Forging is traditionally a hot working process, but many types of forging are performed cold.
Extrusion
This is a compression process in which the work metal is forced to flow through a die opening, thereby taking the shape of the opening as its own cross section.
Drawing
In this forming process, the diameter of a round wire or bar is reduced by pulling it through a die opening.

Sheet Metal Forming

Bending: involves straining of a metal sheet or plate to take an angle along a (usually) straight axis.
Drawing: In sheet metalworking, drawing refers to the forming of a flat metal sheet into a hollow or concave shape, such as a cup, by stretching the metal. A blankholder is used to hold down the blank while the punch pushes into the sheet metal,
Shearing: This process seems somewhat out-of-place in a list of deformation processes, because it involves cutting rather than forming. A shearing operation cuts the work using a punch and die

Bulk Metal Forming

low surface to volume ratio
compressive plastic deformation
Sheet metal Forming
high surface to volume ratio
tensile plastic deformation

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Tribologi (4): ilmu yang mempelajari tentang friksi, lubrikasi, dan wear

Temperatur Proses Metal Forming
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Hot Working

Above recrystallization temperature
Allows for large deformation
Less energy required than for cold working
May result in surface oxidation

Cold Working

Below recrystallization temperature
Increases strength, but decreases ductility and corrosion resistance
Better control of dimension
Better surface finish
lihat juga strain hardening

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Direct compressive
Direct compressive force: gaya yang diaplikasikan untuk menyebabkan perubahan geometri. Contoh pada rolling.
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Indirect compressive
Ada rolling, yang dia tidak direct, jadi rollnya loose, dan logam ditarik. Tetapi yang ngubah bukan gaya tariknya, tapi karena dia terkena rolls
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Contoh perbandingan direct and indirect

Lihat di Extrusion Processes: Working Animation

Perkembangan Manufaktur

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First Wave
- Substractive. Contoh: CNC Machining
Second Wave
- Additive. Contoh: 3D Printing
Third Wave
- Metamorphic. Contoh: Robotic Blacksmithing
- Menggunakan STARC (Sensors, thermal control, actuator and forming tools, robotic manipulation system, computation). Sehingga dapat melakukan selective heat treatment.

How To Make a Rivet

Material Selection
Manufacturing Processes
Production volume
Size and Dimensions

Reference

Reference 1
Reference 2
Reference 3